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About 13.8 billion years ago the universe sprang into existence in an event known as the Big Bang.
In the depersonalized alternative to the Bible’s “In the beginning God created”, it is conceptualized that the entire observable universe would have been extraordinarily dense, about the size of a soccer ball, containing an equal balance of energy and mass, called a Singularity. This is clearly based on Einstein’s Relativity where E=m, without, however factoring in the c2 Force that converts one to the other.
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Then, obviously using part of its energy which requires a Force but is not explained by the Big Bang Idea (not actually a Theory) the universe suddenly blew up / inflated / expanded, becoming vastly larger.
Hubble and the European Space Agency’s Gaia space observatory study the earth’s local universe, considered to be at the edge of the expanding universe, therefore the youngest to coalesce into our solar system. The European Space Agency’s Planck mission is mapping the older universe. Due to the differences in distance from earth, different methods are used to measure the universe’s expansion rate to determine the age.
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1) The first femtosecond or so (~10-15 seconds) of the hot Big Bang, other than the facts (that’s a bold claim!) of cosmic expanding and cooling, remains largely unexplored by modern physics and astrophysics.
2) Some species of dark matter, presently unknown to humanity, must have been created
3) Some sort of process must have occurred to create a fundamental asymmetry between matter and antimatter:
4) And, potentially, some other set of exotic physics processes that exists only in the realm of the speculative at present may have occurred as well.
- A phase of cosmic inflation from this singularity cosmological constant would mean the Universe was:
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- filled with energy inherent to itself
- which causes a rapid, exponential / accelerating expansion,
- that stretches the Universe flat,
- gives it the same properties everywhere,
- with small-amplitude quantum / atomic-sized fluctuations,
- that get stretched to all scales (even super-horizon ones),
- and then…converts that energy…into matter and radiation…
- Inflation reproduces all of the successes of the hot Big Bang; there’s nothing that the hot Big Bang accounts for that inflation can’t also account for.
- Inflation offers successful explanations for the puzzles in the hot Big Bang that we simply have to ignorantly assign as “initial conditions”.
- Of the predictions where inflation and a hot Big Bang without inflation differ, four of them have been tested to sufficient precision to discriminate between the two. On those four fronts, inflation is 4-for-4, while the hot Big Bang is 0-for-4.
- the historical account written was compiled from older eye witness accounts of the occurrence of the events reported,
- or that they are fabricated to impose a ruling elite’s world view on a subjugated population.
- Apsu / matter and Tiamat / energy begat
- Lahmu / inert mud which solidifies into dirt and rock, i.e. the environment and and Lahamu slime which incorporates movement / energy / life into mass
- Anshar – note, by himself, no partner this time – made his son Anu like himself – a heavenly being,
- And Anu begot Nudimmud in his likeness – ergo, also a heavenly being
- He, Nudimmud, was superior to his forefathers: Profound of understanding, he was wise, was very strong at arms.
- And Anu begot Nudimmud in his likeness – ergo, also a heavenly being
- Anshar – note, by himself, no partner this time – made his son Anu like himself – a heavenly being,
- Lahmu / inert mud which solidifies into dirt and rock, i.e. the environment and and Lahamu slime which incorporates movement / energy / life into mass
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While the creation accounts in the books of Job and the Psalms are written as poetry, allowing for greater emotional expression, they are not necessarily imaginative in their depictions of creation. As with other religions’ poetic portrayal of creation, validation of the reality of these accounts of creation is found through evidence from other sources, both in Genesis’ compilation of ancient documents and in other religions.
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When we compare the findings of astronomical investigations with the biblical account, we find they match.
- In the beginning the universe was filled with energy inherent to itself.
- This is the biblical God’s explanation of himself. “God is a Spirit / energy.” (John 2:24)
- which causes a rapid, exponential expansion. “In far less time than it takes to blink an eye, the universe blew up by 100 trillion trillion times in size.”
- We can reverse engineer the biblical description of the transformation back from the state of entropy / disorder / corruption to the original state of enthalpy / containment of all energy. “In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye…this corruptible must put on incorruption…the whole creation itself.” (I Corinthians 15:52, Romans 8:22-23.)
- that stretches the Universe flat, gives it the same properties everywhere, with small-amplitude quantum fluctuations, that get stretched to all scales (even super-horizon ones),
- Described as such in the Bible. “Ah LORD God! behold, thou hast made the heaven and the earth by thy great power and stretched out arm, and there is nothing too hard for thee:” (Jeremiah 32:17)
- and then…converts that energy…into matter and radiation…
- Described as creation in the beginning of the Bible. “In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth…And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also.” (Genesis 1:1, 16)
- As a hyper dimensional being, to four dimensional beings he is
- “the invisible God” (Colossians 1:15)
However, those measurements don’t match.
And that’s not the only problem astronomers are encountering in their attempt to map out the entire universe’s past history.
There’s a tremendous amount of research and speculation about what started inflation, but nobody knows. There is no evidence we can point to; no observations we can make; no experiments we can perform.
If you want to ask the question of how long inflation lasted, we simply have no idea…whether it lasted a little longer, a lot longer, or for an infinite amount of time is not only unknown, but unknowable. Nonetheless, astronomists have no problem assigning a date of “about 13.8 billion years ago”. This vast expanse of time is clearly in alignment with the demands of evolution.
Worse than that, one thing that has been absolutely mathematically determined by these studies is that temperature fluctuations are thousands of times smaller than a Big Bang predicts.
There is definitely some unknown physics that happens in these early stages of cosmic history.
In order for the universe to have the observed expansion rate and the total amount of matter and energy contained within it in balance, it has to be set up – from the beginning – in that fashion – from the singularity, when the universe was dominated by a large cosmological constant (or something that behaves similarly): the same solution found by de Sitter way back in 1917.
When we (astronomers) stack up the scorecard, we find the following:
But things get really interesting if we look back at our idea of “the beginning…” Due to its exponential nature, even if you run the clock back an infinite amount of time, space will only approach infinitesimal sizes and infinite temperatures and densities; it will never reach it…
we can no longer speak with any sort of knowledge or confidence as to how — or even whether — the universe itself began…
Inflation could have gone on for an eternity, it could have been preceded by some other nonsingular phase, or it could have been preceded by a phase that did emerge from a singularity. Until the day comes where we discover how to extract more information from the universe than presently seems possible…
we have no choice but to face our ignorance.
The Big Bang Theory remains the most popular explanation for the existence of the universe, despite its inherent failure to provide an explanation for matter out of nothing and organization out of chaos.
Because it eliminates an Almighty Creator / Sustainer / Authority / Judge.

We have the choice to accept revelation from someone who was there.
The oldest extant (still in existence) physical record of creation is the Sumerian Enuma Elis[h], preserved on clay tablets that are dated to ~2100 BC.

It is generally agreed by archeologists that the Sumerian culture came into existence about 3500 BC. So, just as with our own history books, we can realistically deduce one of two conditions:
Enuma Elise [The Heavens]
When skies above were not yet named
Nor earth below pronounced by name…
Nor names pronounced, nor destinies decreed,
Then gods were born within them.
Still understood from contemporary casting of magical spells, the ancients knew that naming a thing called it into existence and brought it under the namer’s power. But while the Sumerian account vaguely mentions “naming”, note that it never credits a namer / designer / authority / owner.
Apsu [primeval waters, matter] the first one, their begetter
And maker [mummu, meaning a creative force] Tiamat [chaotic foam, movement, energy] who bore them all,
Had mixed their waters [essence of matter and energy] together…

Abstract thinking is one of the higher order intellectual components assessed during a psychiatric evaluation. When questioned “How did you get to the hospital?”, an individual with intact abstract thought processes will intuitively respond with insight on the focus on health problems and will answer accordingly: “I overdosed, I quit taking my medication,” etc. An individual with lower level concrete thinking will answer in terms limited only to physical experience: “The ambulance, my wife drove me,” etc.
With this in mind, if we replace our basic concrete thinking, in this case, of Apsu as an immense mass of water with the equally valid but higher order abstract concept of combined immensely huge mass + immensely energetic movement of a raging ocean, we can recognize the reference to the Singularity.
Likewise, if we equate the Enuma Elish’s Tiamat / chaos with the activity of random chance collisions of atoms, molecules, proteins and DNA mutations, we can recognize the parallel with Evolution opposed to Design.
Then were created the gods in the midst of heaven,
Lahmu and Lahamu [mud and slime, undifferentiated mass] were called into being…
And sure enough, consistent with Evolution, extended periods of time are included in the Enuma Elish’s account.
Ages increased…Anshar (and) Kishar were born, surpassing them.
An = heaven, ki = earth, shar = horizon. An-shar and Ki-shar are the collective material objects found above and below the horizon, in heaven and in earth. They surpass basic mud and slime with their greater complexity, like a shaped, painted, glazed and fired pot surpasses the pile of potters clay from which it was formed, or fully grown plants surpass the dirt, water and sunshine from which they draw their substance.
As detailed in the post Uniformitarianism or Catastrophism, the definition of time is deterioration, which cannot result in greater complexity. A force stronger than chaos must impose order and stability. And yet, as the account continues, each new entity is more complex, just as Evolution claims.
The Enuma Elish has multiple internal inconsistencies, rendering it an unreliable account for scientific or historical purposes. How bizarre then, that is parallels modern “scientific” materialistic explanations of how the universe came into existence as we know it.
The Enuma Elish is paralleled by Hindu scriptures which likewise fail to credit an intelligent “namer” / designer.
the Vedas constitute the oldest scriptures of Hindu literature…believed to have been the result of direct revelation (Sruti)…Rigveda is considered to be the oldest and it declares the following:
“Who verily knows and who can declare it, whence it was born and whence comes this creation?
The Gods are latter than this world’s production. Who knows thence first it came into being?
He, the first origin of this creation, whether he formed it all or did not form it,
Whose eye control this world in highest heaven, he verily knows it, or perhaps he knows not.”
This reference makes it clear that…it is unclear whether creation occurred on God’s command or whether creation occurred as a consequence of a spontaneous phenomenon—leaving unanswered the question of whether God (or gods) themselves had any definite knowledge about creation…
The Enuma Elish is extremely vague about the origins of the gods, as it must in order to bypass the Creator / Namer’s authority. We can see the origins of what is supposedly “purely” scientific, but is in actuality an alternate religion, of evolution of life from a primordial chaos of atoms. We can see the origins of the Big Bang theory in the Sumerian account.
In fact, our word and concept of “chaos” is exactly, unchanged, the Greek name for Apsu.
Significantly, among religious documents, only the Genesis account of creation is written as a narrative, intended to be an historical account of actual events. Other ancient creation accounts are poetry, which may or not be fully realistic.
