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This method begins by a scientist forming a hypothesis, – a proposed explanation for “how things work” – then
1) observing multiple examples
2) from which more questions arise,
3) then testing the suspected answers through various means,
4) and then modifying the hypothesis on the basis of the outcome of the tests and experiments.
5) The modified hypothesis is then retested, further modified, and tested again, until it becomes consistent with observed phenomena and testing outcomes.
In this way, scientists are able to develop broad general explanations, or scientific theories – ideas that are suggested to explain a fact or event or, more generally, an opinion or explanation:, such as Darwin’s theory of evolution.
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“Actual scientific research is never conclusive but simply opens more lines of inquiry.”
That’s not a Creationist quote. That’s an educational quote from famously ultra liberal UC Berkeley.
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My most fascinating observations around the Flat Earth theory: we are conditioned to move with the herd…These movements, like the conspiracy movement is forcing people to investigate for themselves. One learns nothing by simply being spoon fed information.
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True enlightenment comes from investigating facts, not drinking the Kool-Aid just because everyone else is.
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The astrolabe that was used from ancient times all the way up to the early modern period was a disk. Note – a disk, like a sundial – with a series of dials, pointers and engravings to accurately not only tell the time of day, but also provide coordinates based on the positions of certain guide stars, predict when the sun would rise or set, and more.
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“A disciplined science of observed astronomy was possible to achieve with the most basic measuring tools because”, quoting the Britannica article, “the sun, moon, planets and stars move in repetitive patterns.”
Motion does not happen in isolation. If you say a person is sitting in a train moving at 10 m/s east, then you imply the person on the train is stationary and moving relative to the surface of Earth at this velocity, and Earth is the reference frame. If we say Earth is spinning in its orbit around the Sun, the solar system is the reference frame.
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All discussion of relative motion must define the reference frames involved, and it is a fundamental truth that humanity’s perspective of the universe cannot be based at the sun. Therefore the sun, moon and stars are scientifically in motion around a stationary earth.
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Then Kepler’s “laws” of planetary motion were developed in the early 1600’s to support Copernicus’ revolutionary concept of a heliocentric system.
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Even the vacuum – defined as “empty space devoid of matter” has a vastly complex structure composed of energy changes/oscillations, having the same properties as a particle, such as spin or polarization in the case of light, energy,
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This is consistent with energy =mass when acted upon the infinite force c2. And sure enough, that is calculated into the equation.
Summing over all possible oscillators of energy at all points in space gives an infinite quantity which is actually something, with measurable effects on the world around us.
Using these physical observations accurately defining the reference frame from earth, the oldest known scientific theoretic model was developed by Ptolemy of Alexandria about 150 CE and recorded by him in his Almagest and Planetary Hypotheses as a geo / earth – centric cosmology – assigning a stationary position to Earth.
In 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres in Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire, as a philosophical alternative model of the universe to Ptolemy’s geocentric system.
The Copernican geocentric model required a change in shape from a flattened circular object to a sphere, which 1) rotates once daily, 2) orbits the Sun annually, and 3) changes the spherical tilt of its hypothetical axis to account for the precession of the equinoxes of the celestial bodies.
Just stop and think about that. One man without any investigative tools or other means of proof, overthrew millennials-long proven-effective means of relating earth’s position to the heavenly bodies. When compared to the evidence for a geocentric model compiled over thousands of years by ancient astronomers, it becomes evident that the Copernican heliocentric model is not scientific.
Note – Kepler’s observations and calculations were necessarily based on the ancient astronomers’ geocentric records, so do not establish a heliocentric model of the universe.
In 1687 Sir Isaac Newton developed the “law” of gravitation to support Kepler’s “laws” of planetary motion. Without any tools on which to investigate or conduct experiments or provide repeated observations, this states that there is a “force of nature” by which any particle of matter in the universe attracts any other.
And yet this unscientifically conceived heliocentric model continues to be flatly stated as “today we KNOW that Earth, and the other planets of the solar system, are all in orbit around the sun.“
Uhm, no we don’t.
” there is but one God, the Father / Authority, of whom are all things,” (I Corinthians 8:6)
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The Babylonian World Map, also known as Imago Mundi, made of clay, carries an inscription that it was a copy of a previous map. This allows reliable ancient dating estimates for the original being made by the oldest civilization which invented cuneiform, predating Noah’s flood. Consistent with “God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear” (Genesis 1:9), it shows a single mass of dry land surrounded by a single sea.
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The regions drawn as triangular are explained as artistically indicating enormous distances. That’s one possibility.

A better explanation is that these sections are like a dressmaker’s pattern, the two-dimensional pieces intended to be connected together to create a three-dimensional item.
When 1) the circular center is placed over a curved surface such as the outside of a bowl, 2) and the stylized ocean’s width extended proportionate to its true dimension, 3) then the triangular points of earth joined together to the underside of the circle at the dot in the middle, a three dimensional circular shape of a toroid is created.
The single triangular region labeled “Great Wall” and the notice “where the sun is not seen” can be understood as applying to all the other triangular regions, as well as the instructions for “6” and “8” leagues “in between”. This fits the known geological North and South Poles “where the sun is not seen” at certain times of the year and Sumeria near the equator.

The known geographical history of Sumeria is shown on this map.
Since this is a pagan map, the Mountain at the very “top” / prominent position of the map must indicate Mount Hermon, onto which the fallen angels descended from heaven, triggering the corruption resulting in Noah’s flood and consequent breakup of the single landmass.
Immediately “south” of the Mountain is Bab-y-lon. Meaning “gate of the gods”, this defines the sacred earthly entrance to the heavenly realm. Accordingly, rather than fix on compass directions (Mount Hermon is geographically due west of Babylon) we should understand there is a multi-dimensionality indicated on this two-dimensional map.

Babylon’s importance as a portal to the spirit domain is underscored by its immediate restoration after Noah’s flood as a small Akkadian settlement by Sargon the Great challenging Noah’s royal-priesthood authority under YHVH. This key feature allows us to identify the Adversary’s capitol city, regardless of geographical location, until the end of time, while also acknowledging that the ancient “gate of the [underworld imprisoned] gods is also a real geographical place.
“I saw a star / son of God fall from heaven unto the earth: and to him was given the key of the bottomless pit. And he opened the bottomless pit…And there came out…locusts upon the earth…and their power was to hurt men five months. And they had a king over them, which is the angel of the bottomless pit…in the Greek tongue hath his name Apollyon / Apollo. (Revelation 9:1-11)
“the sixth angel…Loose[d] the four angels which are bound in the great river Euphrates…which were prepared for an [specific appointed time, like a dental appointment, `of] hour, and a day, and a month, and a year, for to slay the third part of men.
The mountain of Uartu is the Assyrian name for the location of a pre-flood nation of hybrid giants of the god Khaldis, obviously known to Noah, as he identified this location by its Hebrew translation of Ararat,
No wonder he recognized where he was. Parts of the massive cyclopean walls of their capitol city fortress are still standing even today. 4,000 years after Noah landed the ark on this promontory, built of huge stone blocks measuring around 6 m long and 75 cm thick, After discovering the hazardous conditions of life for Noah and his family, I can’t help but believe that God guided the ark to ground here intentionally, not by chance. As in “The LORD’s our rock…“

“Assyria” is the English translation of what would be the pre-flood god “Ashur” whose worship was carried through the flood into the empire named after him.
The three circles with dots would, logically, be symbolizing living centers but different from civilized cities. Based on ancient archeological findings, these would be, literally, the recreated post-flood “concentration” camps where slaves were massed together and worked to death.
The Tigris River isn’t labeled but is shown as a curving branch of the Euphrates at this time. I interpret the unfinished lines as indicating its extent continues, so that Der is accurately depicted east of this river.
At the south, Susa’s location doesn’t seem right, but often it is the apparent discrepancies which prove the veracity of a questionable item. Recall that Noah’s Flood (~5,000 yrs Before Present) disrupted the region’s geology even before the breakup of Pangea. Susa’s original site may well have been still underwater, so “re” built at a better location.

On the west, Bit-Yakin (my best investigation is “place of work” developed into one of the three main Chaldean agricultural territories, with its unnamed center being merely a processing place and transportation hub for its produce rather than a place of high culture honored by the presence and glory of a god.
The last group, the Habban, flanking the Mountain, is not mentioned among the Sumerian or Chaldean literature or language.
The only possible association for the name Habban found by this writer designates notorious warriors. One such tradition has three divisions of Israelite soldiers / Habbani Jews being sent by either King David or King Solomon to Yemen
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