I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands.”
We need to recognize that the United States of America comes closest to the pedestal of the 3rd Rome, with its cultural, political, historical, geopolitical aspects.
Enlightenment ideals that had informed France’s Republic strongly influenced the drafting of the Constitution, but the key influence came from classical antiquity, from the establishment of the Twelve Tables circa 450 B.C.E. to the fall of the Republic under Caesar by 46 B.C.E.
In their book A Classy Constitution: Classical Influences on the United States Constitution from Ancient Greek and Roman History, and Political Constitution from Ancient Greek and Roman History and Political Thought by Shamir Brice and John Carroll,published by Yale University Press, a distinguished historian and a political economist unravel the “uncanny parallels” between ancient Rome and the modern West.
All of the founding fathers were well educated people and the classical education was almost fully based on the Roman and Greek studies. Their heroes were the Roman republicans and defenders of liberty. All of the Founders’ Roman heroes lived at a time when the Roman republic was being threatened by power-hungry demagogues, bloodthirsty dictators and shadowy conspirators. The Founders’ principal Roman heroes were Roman statesmen: Cato the Younger, Brutus, Cassius and Cicero — all of whom sacrificed their lives in unsuccessful endeavors to save the republic․
The Founders’ and Framers’ noms de plume were Roman…They were consciously identified with Roman models of republican virtue. So:
- George Washington: others were calling him American Cincinnatus. While he preferred to call himself Cato the Younger,
- John Adams was called Cicero, the greatest attorney of the ancient world,
- Besides their differences with Adams, Thomas Jefferson was called Cicero too,
- James Madison was known as Publius (Valerius Publicola),
- Alexander Hamilton was most surprisingly identified with Caesar.
- John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the United States, was identified with Publius (Cornelius Tacitus).
The political vocabulary they used — republic, virtue, president, capitol, constitution, Senate — had Latin etymology. The legislative processes they utilized — veto, sine die — were Latin.
The Founders used classical rhetoric to foment the American Revolution…to portray the British Empire as dictatorial…From the 1760s until the Revolution, Americans would characterize the British as “the Rome of the corrupt tyranny of the most hated Caesars” in a process of Nerofication of the British Empire.
The Ciceronian school of political thought has been studied for two millennia and found its culmination in the American Constitution…There can be no doubt that Cicero’s republican ideology found its way into the American Constitution and that the liberties people enjoy today have their roots not in an inspired gathering of the Founding Fathers, but in a more ancient time, in the Republic of Rome…Cicero gave Adams the idea of “a mixed constitution of three branches” each restrained by a delicate equilibrium of checks and balances.
- Executive Branch: In times of peace, the executive branch of the ancient Rome comprised two consuls, elected by Roman landowners for 1 year terms. At all times, the executive branch also contained various bureaucrats who were in charge of arranging festivals and conducting censuses. The same system was used in The USA, President, & Vice President similar to the two consuls and the government similar to bureaucrats.
- Legislative: The most influential members of the legislature in Rome were those in the Senate. This large body of elected land owners decided how state money was spent and what projects were viable for state funding. The Senate also took control of foreign policy in particular, the many wars Rome was engaged in as it expanded its territory. In this case similarities are more than obvious, the modern US Senate generally speaking has the same role and rights as the ancient Roman, even the name of this institution was not changed. By the way, today very often Senators are nominated and elected as presidents just like it was with the counsels in Rome.
- Judicial: The judicial branch of ancient Rome was very similar to the modern US courts…particularly the Supreme Court of modern-day America. Six judges were elected on an annual basis to administer the law of the land to those who broke it…the Roman judiciary could actively create sentences and punishments instead of merely following the past precedent or the sentencing law handed down from the legislative and executive branches, however the right of the constitutional court to interpret the constitution and the laws is somehow the transformed form of the creational jurisprudence of Rome.The citizenship and professional armies are another remarkable similarity. The Citizenship of Rome was the prototype for the “New” idea of equal and free citizens in the US. The citizens in both places have rights that are differentiating them from the rest of the world in the eyes of the state. And last but not least, the first model of the professional army much before it was created in the US was the Roman Legion.
The educational system of the new nation was based on classical texts like Ovid’s De Tristibus and Metamorphoses and Cicero’s Orations – beginning in a grammar school student’s fourth year, continuing into the American colleges and universities established where one-third of the curriculum was devoted to the classics.
There is a direct parallel between writing amendments to the Constitutions that strengthened, through centralization, the power of the existing Republican governments in both Rome and Washington during
- the Roman Conflict of the Orders resulting from the wealthy Roman aristocratic landowners claiming the right to enslave indebted plebeians
- and the American Civil War resulting from the wealthy plantation owners claiming the right to own slaves.
Jefferson…noted… “I am immersed in antiquities from morning to night. For me the city of Rome is actually existing in all the splendor of its empire as the property that became the capitol of the United States was originally called Rome, with the express intention of establishing Rome’s legacy in the New World.
- The most obvious example of this lies in the Supreme Court building, designed as a Roman temple. The staircase, raised podium and the columns would not be out of place in the Roman Republic, with the Capitol, White House, and Thomas Jefferson’s memorial also based on Roman Architecture.
- All of the white marble on the Supreme Court and throughout Washington, D.C. deliberately mimics the architectural splendor of ancient Rome.
- The Founders’ sculpture and painting were also inspired by Roman precedents. It is not unusual to see them adorned in a toga.
- The Roman Eagle was included in the great seal of the USA.
- Capitol Hill alludes to one of the Seven Hills of Rome.
The United States is the first state to be fully led by laws since Rome, and the first state to be fully governed by elected authorities. The idea of a civilized society where no one is higher than law, where all interpersonal relations can be regulated by law where the state was not affiliated with certain people but rather with a system (together with above mentioned) is the Third Rome.
The Pax romana or the Roman peace was the eventual product of the international relations in antiquity, and one of the key factors for the followers to dream about. The role of Rome as the Global Dominant in the international relations forced all the political issues to be solved under the auspice of the Republic.
This was transformed into what many scientists call Pax Americana or American peace, when in fact the federal government grew enormously in power and prestige, particularly the office of the President. through assertion of the “war powers” of the President used (abused) consistently to spread American “democracy”.
“Imperialism” is an accurate description of the trajectory of US history.
The 1803 Louisiana Purchase from France – in reality a political pay-off to stop the Appalachian French and Indian War from expanding west – effectively doubled its territory from the Gulf of Mexico north into parts of the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, west to the Rocky Mountains for unrestricted holocaust of the native peoples who lived there. President Trump’s self-enriching land grab in Gaza Strip 2023-2026 is simply a replay of the past.
In 1819, Florida was acquired from Spain and, in 1845-46, Texas and part of California were forcibly annexed from Mexico. All lethal acquisitions accorded with what became known as the country’s manifest—that is, clear and obvious—destiny to control first the entire continent, continuing with Trump’s demand to annex Canada and Greenland.
Moving on world-wide, the U.S. went on to gobble up the Philippines, Hawaii, the Panama Canal Zone, the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, and the Mariana Islands, the last five of which remain US territories to this day.
US economic, military, and political influence has long extended far beyond those internationally recognized possessions and various presidents have enunciated a series of “doctrines” to legitimate such an imperial reach. In 1823 the Monroe Doctrine warned the nations of Europe that the United States would not permit the establishment of any new colonies in the Western Hemisphere.
In 1904 Theodore Roosevelt established America’s right to exercise international police power to justify US occupations of Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Nicaragua. In 2026 under the pretext of a police action against drug smuggling, President Trump kidnapped Venezuela’s President and his wife, incarcerated them without trial in the U.S., with the stated objective of assuming control of Venezuela for its lucrative oil industry.
In 1947 Harry S. Truman’ Doctrine required the “containment” of existing Communist states and the prevention of the further spread of Communism anywhere on Earth, justifying Washington’s support for dictators and repressive regimes from El Salvador to Indonesia, US-backed coups in Iran, Guatemala, and Chile, and leading this country into a futile war in Korea and a disastrous defeat in Vietnam.
From a biblical perspective we can identify any ruler of Daniel’s Fourth – the Roman -Empire by his role at Jerusalem as a foreign overlord on whose military alliance the current ruler of Israel depends for power, overriding YHVH’s authority as ruler and peacemaker.Judaea, now part of modern day Israel, had been a Roman ally since the second century BC, given special privileges as a province in 6 AD.
Since then, Israel has become, and remains, America’s most reliable partner in the Middle East. Israel and the United States are bound closely by historic and cultural ties as well as by mutual interests.
The U.S.-Israel bilateral relationship is anchored by over $3 billion in Foreign Military Financing annually, by far the largest to any nation. In addition to financial support, the U.S. participates in a high level of exchanges with Israel, to include joint military exercises, military research, and weapons development.
The U.S. is Israel’s largest single trading partner. The U.S. and Israel also coordinate scientific and cultural exchanges through the Binational Science Foundation, the Binational Agricultural Research and Development Foundation, and the U.S.-Israeli Education Foundation.
Kingdom Come 