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A purely materialistic world viewdominates modern Western culture, first articulated by the Greeks late in the history of civilization.
Until then the mystical world…was explained through…the gods…
In the second half of the fifth century B.C. the tradition of the Sophists emerged…they were worldly, liberal minded humanists…each person had his individual experiences and individual truth. Trying to define an objective reality was pointless…
Socrates… turned his back on science and cosmology and pursued ethics and logic…With his dialectic method of inquiry Socrates developed one of the core columns of Western thinking…True knowledge was something that could not be learned by listening to other people it had to be personally attained.
Plato…taught that every material object also had a transcendental aspect to it…The immortal soul was in contact with the divine prior to birth but lost this connection due to amnesia when entering the physical body… Logos…a divine ordering principle behind all things and events…[was] integrated…into his philosophy of an understandable world.
Aristotle…turned Plato’s principles of a divine order upside down…understanding of the natural world could be attained by perceiving the world with the five senses…logic, empiricism and natural science…turned out to be trend-setting for scientific research of the West
The religion of humanism was born.
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